Hannes Kohl, from Vienna, was hit in the head by the fast food snack, which was thrown by an overtaking driver, when it came through his open window.
Dr Kohl, who was on his way to a medical congress in the Czech Republic, said: "I was going slowly but that was no excuse for this outrageous attack.
"I complained to the police but they told me it was not an offence to throw a burger at someone, and my insurance company also refused to pay up even though there was melted cheese and ketchup on my suit and all over my car."