Washington, Dec 13 : A new study in mice by researchers at the University of Milan has represented a significant advance towards the future development of a gene therapy that uses a patient's own cells to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).
A new study in mice by researchers at the University of Milan has represented a significant advance towards the future development of a gene therapy that uses a patient's own cells to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).
DMD is a hereditary disease caused by a mutation in the gene that codes for a muscle protein called dystrophin. It is a key structural protein that helps to keep muscle cells intact. The disease is characterized by a chronic degeneration of skeletal muscle cells that leads to progressive muscle weakness. Although intense research has focused on finding a way to replace the defective dystrophin protein, at this time there is no cure for the disease.
Researchers have used a combination of cell- and gene-based therapy to isolate adult human stem cells from DMD patients and engineer a genetic modification to correct the dystrophin gene.
"Use of the patient's own cells would reduce the risk of implant rejection seen with transplantation of normal muscle-forming cells," Dr. Torrente said.
Muscle stem cells, identified by expression of the CD133 surface marker, were isolated from normal and dystrophic human blood and skeletal muscle. The isolated human muscle progenitors were implanted into the muscles of mice and were successfully recruited into muscle fibers. As expected, the CD133+ cells isolated from DMD patients expressed the mutated gene for dystrophin and gave rise to muscle cells that resembled muscle fibers in DMD patients.
The researchers then used a sophisticated genetic technique to repair the mutated dystrophin gene in the isolated DMD CD133+ cells so that dystrophin synthesis was restored. Importantly, intramuscular or intra-arterial delivery of the genetically corrected muscle cell progenitors resulted in significant recovery of muscle morphology, function, and dystrophin expression in a mouse model of muscular dystrophy.
"These data demonstrate that genetically engineered blood or muscle-derived CD133+ cells represent a possible tool for future stem cell-based autograft applications in humans with DMD," Dr. Torrente said.
The researchers have however warned that significant additional work needs to be done prior to using this technology in humans.
"Additional research will substantially enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this effect and may lead to the improvement of gene and cell therapy strategies for DMD," Dr. Torrente added.
The research is published in the December issue of Cell Stem Cell. (ANI)
© 2007 ANI
